Chapter 14 : Genetics And Heredity Long Answer Type Questions: 1. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be Dominant or recessive? Hence define the Law of Dominance and the law of purity of gametes. 2. How do Mendel’s experiments show that Inheritance of two traits is independent of each other? Hence define the law of IndependentAssortment. 3. A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits — blood group A or O—is dominant? Why or why not? 4. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of: (a) A self-pollinating plant species? Why or why not? (b) An organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not? 5. A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light-coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not? 6. What do you understand by analogous and homologous organs? Explain these terms with examples. 7. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs? 8. Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually? 9. How do traits get expressed? 10. Define evolution. How does occur? Describe how fossils provide us evidences in support of evolution.
Short Answer Type Questions: 1. If a trait ‘A’ exists in 10% of population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait ‘B’ exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier? 2. How does the creation of variation in a species promote survival? 3. How is the sex of a child determined in human beings? 4. Out of the two parents, mother and father, whose genetic combination plays a role in determining the sex of a new born in humans and why? 5. What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population? 6. Why are traits acquired during the life-time of an individual not inherited? 7. Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics? 8. Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms. 9. How are the areas of study—evolution and classification—interlinked? 10.Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered – homologous organs? Why or why not? 11.What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution? 12.Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships. 13.What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter? 14.How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny? 15.Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size colour and looks said to belong to the same species? 16.In evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees have a better body design? Why or why not? 17.Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?
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