| Department | Government of Karnataka [ KTBS Karnataka Textbook Society Textbooks] |
| Class | 9th |
| Medium | English |
| Subject | Science |
| Download | Text Book |
| Document Type | |
| Official Website | http://www.ktbs.kar.nic.in/ |
Karnataka Class 9th Science Text Book
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Download Karnataka Class 9th Science Text Book
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Karnataka Class 9th Science Text Book Chapter 1
Chapter 1 : Matter in our Surroundings:
As we look at our surroundings, we see a large variety of things with different shapes, sizes and textures. Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds, stars, plants and animals, even a small drop of water or a particle of sand – every thing is matter. We can also see as we look around that all the things mentioned above occupy space and have mass. In other words, they have both mass* and volume**.
Since early times, human beings have been trying to understand their surroundings. Early Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of five basic elements – the “Panch Tatva”– air, earth, fire, sky and water.
According to them everything, living or nonliving, was made up of these five basic elements. Ancient Greek philosophers had arrived at a similar classification of matter. Modern day scientists have evolved two types of classification of matter based on their physical properties and chemical nature. In this chapter we shall learn about matter based on its physical properties. Chemical aspects of matter will be taken up in subsequent chapters
For a long time, two schools of thought prevailed regarding the nature of matter. One school believed matter to be continuous like a block of wood, whereas, the other thought that matter was made up of particles like sand. Let us perform an activity to decide about the nature of matter – is it continuous or particulate?
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