March 2022 : I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30) 1. 60 years old female, is a known HT and DM for the past 20 years has been admitted with the C/o progressive swelling in the face, abdomen and legs for the past 3 months a) What is your diagnosis. b) Classify diuretics. c) Describe the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of high ceiling diuretics. d) Justify the rationality in combining high ceiling diuretics with ACE inhibitors.
2. A 65 years old male on antipsychotic medications came with the C/o difficulty in walking, resting tremors and difficulty in swallowing a) What is the diagnosis. b) How will you treat this patient. c) Describe the mechanism of action, importance of combination therapy and adverse effects of Levodopa.
II. Write Short notes on: (10 x 5 = 50) 1. Mechanism of action and clinical uses of statins. 2. Pharmacovigilance . 3. Therapeutic effects of atypical antipsychotics. 4. Brief phase II biotransformation reactions with suitable examples. 5. Therapeutic uses of Adrenergic drugs. 6. Drugs used in prophylaxis of migraine. 7. Role of Leukotriene antagonists used in bronchial asthma. 8. Brief the drugs used in hypertensive emergencies. 9. Heparin versus warfarin. 10.Complications of Spinal Anaesthesia
August 2022: I. Essay: (2 x 15 = 30) 1. A 35-year-old woman was taking combined oral contraceptive pills. She was diagnosed as a case of Pulmonary tuberculosis and put on isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol combination therapy daily for 2 months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin thrice weekly for 4 months. In the 3rd month of treatment, she failed to have withdrawal bleeding during the gap period of contraceptive cycle. One week later her urinary pregnancy test was found to be positive.
a. What is the reason for contraceptive failure? b. Explain Phase I biotransformation reaction with suitable examples. c. Name 4 enzyme inducers and explain the clinical relevance of Microsomal Enzyme Induction. d. Explain microsomal enzyme inhibition with suitable examples.
2. A 8-year-old boy was sent for neurologic evaluation because of episodes of apparent inattention. His mother gives a history of episodes of starring look which lasts for few seconds, and he immediately resumes his previous activity. He was diagnosed to have absence seizures.
a. Describe the mechanism of action of the drug used in absence seizures? b. Mention the adverse effects, uses and drug interactions of the drug used in absence seizures c. Treatment of status epilepticus
II. Write Short notes on: (10 x 5 = 50) 1. Teratogenicity. 2. Drugs used in open angle Glaucoma. 3. Fibrinolytic drugs. 4. Mechanism of action and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors. 5. Preanesthetic medication. 6. Role of sympathomimetics used in Bronchial Asthma. 7. Antianxiety agents. 8. Mechanism of action and adverse effects of Succinylcholine. 9. Disease modifying anti-Rheumatic drugs (DMARDS). 10.Uses of Prostaglandins.
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